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  • Heisig, J. P., Gesthuizen, M., & Solga, H. (2019). Lack of skills or formal qualifications? New evi- dence on cross-country differences in the labor market disadvantage of less-educated adults. Social Science Research, 83(102314), 102314. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.06.005 Abstract: We use PIAAC data on the literacy and numeracy skills of 49,366 25-to-54-year-olds in 27 countries to shed new light on cross-national variation in the labor market disadvantage of less-educated adults (i.e., those who have not completed upper secondary education). Our empirical analysis focuses on the occupational status gap between less-educated adults and those with a degree at the upper secondary level and yields three main findings. First, individual-level differences in liter- acy and numeracy skills are an important source of cross-national variation in labor market ine- qualities by educational attainment, but substantial gaps in occupational status remain even after accounting for individuals' actual skills and further socio-demographics. Second, this remaining occupational status gap rises with a country's level of "skills transparency" (i.e., the extent to which formal qualifications are more informative about actual skills): labor market gaps increase as the skills gap between the two educational groups increases and as the within-group distribu- tion of skills becomes more homogeneous. Third, country differences in skills transparency seem framework of best practices in survey methodology. Participating countries had to adhere to these standards and were supposed to implement them given their national circumstances. In the first sections of this chapter the survey instruments, the survey design as well as scaling and the esti- mation of plausible values at the international level are briefly described. Subsequently, infor- mation is provided on sampling and data collection in Germany. A total of 5 465 individuals partic- ipated in PIAAC Germany, which corresponds to a response rate of 55% that exceeds the interna- tional minimum response rate of 50%. Survey weighting was implemented to minimize the total survey error and the potential for bias. Nonresponse bias analyses were conducted to further en- sure quality assurance. (xsd:string)
  • Heisig, J.P.; Gesthuizen, M.; Solga, H. Lack of skills or formal qualifications? New evidence on cross-country differences in the labor market disadvantage of less-educated adults. Soc. Sci. Res. 2019, 83, 102314. [CrossRef] [PubMed] (xsd:string)
  • Heisig, Jan Paul, Maurice Gesthuizen, and Heike Solga. 2019. "Lack of Skills or Formal Qualifications? New Evidence on Cross-Country Differences in the Labor Market Disadvantage of Less-Educated Adults." Social Science Research 83:102314. (xsd:string)
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  • Heisig, J. P., Gesthuizen, M., Solga, H. (2019). Lack of skills or formal qualifications? New evi- dence on cross-country differences in the labor market disadvantage of less-educated adults. In the first sections of this chapter the survey instruments, the survey design as well as scaling and the esti- mation of plausible values at the international level are briefly described, 83. (xsd:string)
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