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?:abstract
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The increasing number of African small-holders who cannot dispose over the necessary resources to cover even their basic needs has been growing to alarming dimensions since the Nigerian oil boom of the 1970s. Contrary to widespread views the increasing poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa is due less to natural but to social constraints of development. The focus of this study is on socio-economic stratification and class-relations, because one major cause of the marginalization of the African peasantry is considered to be the differentiation-process within the peasantry itself. The underlying thesis of emerging rural-capitalist relations of production in Africa has been backed by three lines of argumentation: First, by a critical review of literature on class-concepts concerning Africa and on methods to measure social stratification in the countryside. Second, by an empirical analysis over two years of the origins of rural class-formation in Nupeland or Bida Emirate, Northern Nigeria, in pre- and post-colonial times. And third, by a survey of the socio-economic stratification among peasants in four Nupe villages in 1975/76, backed by econometric analysis.
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