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Derivation of data:
The metaclassification of occupations according to Pappi was constructed as follows:
1) All men and unmarried women were, as far as possible, assigned their own current or previous occupation.
2) Women who were married, widowed or divorced were assigned their spouse's current or previous occupation, even if they had an occupation of their own.
3) School or university students who had never been working full- or part-time were classified according to their fathers' occupation.
4) If rule 1) and 2) do not allow a classification, because of missing information, the respondent is classified according to the occupation of the father.
5) Respondents in military/alternative community service were not regarded as being in full- or part-time employment. Instead they were classified according to their previous occupation (men and unmarried women who had previously been working), according to their spouse's occupation (married or widowed women whose husband was or had been working) or according to their father's occupation.
No occupational metaclassification is possible if one of the relevant sources of occupational data is missing (inadequate description of occupation, refused, don't know or no answer) or if all relevant sources of occupational data register as code 0 'Not applicable'.
Construction of the metaclassification according to Pappi was discontinued with ALLBUS 1994 because the data on the last occupation of spouses who are not working and the data on the occupation of ex-spouses is no longer part of the ALLBUS- demography.
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Occupational Prestige Scale
The occupational prestige scale is based on the ISCO-68 classification of occupations.
The prestige scores in this scale were derived from the results of empirical social research in various countries. Respondents in all participating countries were asked to evaluate a number of occupations according to relative prestige and social status. Based on these evaluations a scale of prestige scores with hypothetical extreme values of 0 and 100 was then created.
In general, respondents were assigned prestige scores according to the three digit ISCO-68 code of their occupation. When an appropriate ISCO code could not be determined, prestige scores were assigned according to the occupational minor group. When no appropriate occupational minor group could be determined, the mean prestige score of the occupational major group was assigned.
For further information on the prestige scale, compare:
Donald J. Treiman 1977: Occupational Prestige in Comparative Perspective, New York: Academic Press. (Hier insbesondere: Appendix A: Standard International Occupational Prestige)
Donald J. Treiman 1979: Begriff und Messung des Berufsprestiges in der international vergleichenden Mobilitätsforschung, in: Franz Urban Pappi (Hg.), Sozialstrukturanalysen mit Umfragedaten. Probleme der standardisierten Erfassung von Hintergrundsmerkmalen in allgemeinen Bevölkerungsumfragen, Königstein/ Ts.: Athenäum, 124-168.
Christof Wolf 1995: Sozio-ökonomischer Status und berufliches Prestige. Ein kleines Kompendium sozialwissenschaftlicher Skalen auf Basis der beruflichen Stellung und Tätigkeit, in: ZUMA Nachrichten 19(37): 102-136.
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Derivation of data:
The metaclassification of occupations according to Pappi was constructed as follows:
1) All men and unmarried women were, as far as possible, assigned their own current or previous occupation.
2) Women who were married, widowed or divorced were assigned their spouse's current or previous occupation, even if they had an occupation of their own.
3) School or university students who had never been working full- or part-time were classified according to their fathers' occupation.
4) If rule 1) and 2) do not allow a classification, because of missing information, the respondent is classified according to the occupation of the father.
5) Respondents in military/alternative community service were not regarded as being in full- or part-time employment. Instead they were classified according to their previous occupation (men and unmarried women who had previously been working), according to their spouse's occupation (married or widowed women whose husband was or had been working) or according to their father's occupation.
No occupational metaclassification is possible if one of the relevant sources of occupational data is missing (inadequate description of occupation, refused, don't know or no answer) or if all relevant sources of occupational data register as code 0 'Not applicable'.
Construction of the metaclassification according to Pappi was discontinued with ALLBUS 1994 because the data on the last occupation of spouses who are not working and the data on the occupation of ex-spouses is no longer part of the ALLBUS- demography.
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Occupational Prestige Scale
The occupational prestige scale is based on the ISCO-68 classification of occupations.
The prestige scores in this scale were derived from the results of empirical social research in various countries. Respondents in all participating countries were asked to evaluate a number of occupations according to relative prestige and social status. Based on these evaluations a scale of prestige scores with hypothetical extreme values of 0 and 100 was then created.
In general, respondents were assigned prestige scores according to the three digit ISCO-68 code of their occupation. When an appropriate ISCO code could not be determined, prestige scores were assigned according to the occupational minor group. When no appropriate occupational minor group could be determined, the mean prestige score of the occupational major group was assigned.
For further information on the prestige scale, compare:
Donald J. Treiman 1977: Occupational Prestige in Comparative Perspective, New York: Academic Press. (Hier insbesondere: Appendix A: Standard International Occupational Prestige)
Donald J. Treiman 1979: Begriff und Messung des Berufsprestiges in der international vergleichenden Mobilitätsforschung, in: Franz Urban Pappi (Hg.), Sozialstrukturanalysen mit Umfragedaten. Probleme der standardisierten Erfassung von Hintergrundsmerkmalen in allgemeinen Bevölkerungsumfragen, Königstein/ Ts.: Athenäum, 124-168.
Christof Wolf 1995: Sozio-ökonomischer Status und berufliches Prestige. Ein kleines Kompendium sozialwissenschaftlicher Skalen auf Basis der beruflichen Stellung und Tätigkeit, in: ZUMA Nachrichten 19(37): 102-136.
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Description of variable:
Metaclassification of occupation according to Pappi, occupational prestige scale
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Note:
Metaclassification of Occupations
The metaclassification of occupations allows an indirect occupational classification, e.g. according to the profession or occupation of the respondent's spouse or father, for those respondents who do not participate in the labor force. Thus, the purpose of the metaclassification is to arrive at a description of the social circumstance and social positions of otherwise unclassifiable respondents by (indirectly) linking them to positions in the occupational system in a principled way.
Pappi himself points out that there is probably more than one way of constructing a metaclassification of occupations (Pappi 1979: 297). As an alternative to Pappi's rather male-centered operationalization (e.g. married women are classified according to their husbands' occupation, comp. V854-V862), Michael Terwey has developed a modified metaclassification scheme that gives more weight to women's direct social position (V863-V882). This more recent classification thus takes into account that in contemporary society it is more and more the individual's personal circumstance rather than his or her family's social capital that determines social position.
Literature:
Pappi, Franz Urban (ed.) 1979: Sozialstrukturanalysen mit Umfragedaten: Probleme der standardisierten Erfassung von Hintergrundsmerkmalen in allgemeinen Bevölkerungsumfragen, Königstein/Ts.: Athenäum.
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