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  • Since the early 1990s, European welfare states have increasingly started to take responsibility for the provision of long-term-care (LTC) for older persons with care needs by introducing or extending different forms of welfare state support. However, LTC is still associated with gaps in social security and the risk of unmet care need in many welfare states. This report identifies main gaps in the structures of LTC provision and examines how differences in policy design are connected with care gaps based on a new typology of LTC policies that considers the relationship between the generosity of policies supporting extra familial and paid familial care. It also analyses the link between cultural and structural factors and cross-national differences in the extent and type of care gaps. Furthermore, the report discusses in how far care gaps affect the risk of poverty and unmet needs for persons with LTC needs based on age, income and gender. The comparative study draws on a new multi-dimensional approach to the measurement of LTC policy generosity. It includes seven European welfare states of different welfare state traditions: Norway, Germany, Spain, Italy, the United Kingdom, Estonia and Hungary. The empirical analysis is based on legal documents of care policies, data from comparative European policy databases, quantitative data from EU-SILC, EVS and Special Eurobarometer 283 as well as national statistics. The findings show that cross-national differences in the extent and type of care gaps are mainly based on differences in institutional constellations of LTC policies. Generosity of access and extent of support need to be analyzed separately and the evaluation of LTC policy needs to be based on support measures for familial and extra familial LTC in order to identify care gaps sufficiently. The findings also show that cross-national differences in cultural ideas regarding the “adequate” form of LTC as well as structural factors, such as the degree of policy implementation or the availability and quality of extrafamilial LTC, can play an important role in the explanation of international differences. Moreover, the results of the investigation show that women and older people (85+), as well as people with a low income are exposed to particularly high social risks in countries with less generous care policies. In this regard, attributes that are associated with higher care needs can accumulate in the sense of intersectionality for specific social groups. (xsd:string)
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  • (SILC) (EVS) (xsd:string)
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  • EVS-Bibliography (xsd:string)
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  • 2022 (xsd:gyear)
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  • 2022 (xsd:gyear)
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  • Gaps in the provision of long-term care across Europe -Explaining cross-national differences (xsd:string)
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  • CoE AgeCare Mid-Term Congress ‘Longer lives, better care?’, 15.06.-17.06.2022 (xsd:string)
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  • In CoE AgeCare Mid-Term Congress ‘Longer lives, better care?’, 15.06.-17.06.2022, 1-33, 2022 (xsd:string)
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  • European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) (xsd:string)
  • European Values Study (EVS) (xsd:string)
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