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  • Theoretically federations are meant to divide and decentralise power with sub-national governments that are closer to the people, which can better accommodate diversity with policies best suited to each community. However, such differences may be inequitable and counter-productive rivalries among multiple governments can emerge. Thus the relationship between federalism and democracy is neither clearly beneficial nor non-existent. If federalism does enhance representative democracy, then the process of federalisation should strengthen it, with the comparatively younger Belgian federation providing a valuable case to interrogate this premise. In recent decades Belgium has been transformed from a unitary state into an intricate asymmetrical federation where power is primarily shared between the Dutch and French language groups. Several new sub-state polities have been created and empowered and minorities have been guaranteed political representation, but arguably they are not as locally oriented as they could be, and the executives are relatively powerful. The process of federalisation has been most concerned with holding the country together than advancing principles of good governance either at the federal level or through maximising decentralisation. Yet the Belgian federation has succeeded in improving representation compared to the previous unitary state and maintaining peace. (xsd:string)
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  • 2023 (xsd:gyear)
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  • 2023 (xsd:gyear)
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  • 10.1080/14782804.2021.2023482 ()
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  • Does federalism enhance representative democracy? Perpetual reform and shifting power in a divided Belgium (xsd:string)
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  • In Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 31(2), 500-518, 2023 (xsd:string)
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  • European Values Study (EVS) (xsd:string)
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