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In all, it seems that sex divergent CRF1 signaling plays a significant role in promoting AD-like pathogenesis in female rodents (Fig. 1), and while human studies of HPA axis response to CRF in women further support different downstream signaling pathways to CRF (Bangasser and Valentino, 2014), confirmation of the existence of these sex differences at the second messenger level are essential for understanding how sex affects AD in humans.
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