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The clinically diagnosed variables included: foot risk factors (peripheral neuropathy (PN), lack of protective sensation to a 10-gram monofilament on at least 2 of 3 plantar forefoot locations [21, 22]; peripheral arterial disease (PAD), toe systolic pressure <70 mmHg [21, 22]; foot deformity, scored at least 3 points on a 6-point foot deformity score [22]; suspected acute Charcot foot, red, hot, swollen, unilateral neuropathic foot joint without a DFU near the suspected Charcot joint [22]); foot ulcer characteristics (ulcer surface area (mm2); grade and depth, according to the University of Texas Diabetic Wound Classification System [4]; deep ulcers, scored a 2 (“wound penetrating to tendon or capsule”) or 3 (“wound penetrating to bone or joint”) [4]; and infection status according to the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot classification system [16, 17]) [12].
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