(6) In order to predict participants’ responses θ(t), we applied a unit sigmoid function to P(θ = 1): θ(t)=P(θ=1)ζP(θ=1)ζ+(1-P(θ=1))ζ(7) The prediction error was calculated by subtracting P(θ = 1) from actual percept indicated by the participants’ θ: PE(t)=θ(t)-P(θ=1)(t)