Urinary PAHs were assessed in three separate measures: 1) sum of all urinary PAH metabolites; 2) sum of smaller molecular PAHs (NFP) consisting of naphthols (1-OHN, 2-OHN), fluorenols (2-OHFl, 3-OHFl), and phenanthrols; and 3) measures of 1-pyrenol (1-OHPyr).