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Unsurprisingly for a highly social species, dogs use an extensive and nuanced vocabulary of cues in both affiliative and antagonistic interactions with conspecifics (Bradshaw & Nott, 1995; Quaranta, Siniscalchi & Vallortigara, 2007; Horowitz, 2009; Siniscalchi et al., 2013); they are perhaps more unique in their apparent interspecies sociality (Siniscalchi et al., 2010), showing sensitivity to human cues as well.
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