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  • Then, to ask whether predation rates are proportional to the contrast of each form (i.e. do differences in attack rates match differences in conspicuousness? ), we generated an expected attack distribution given replica contrast for each color form under each contrast method according to the equation:where i is the contrast method (chromaticity, brightness, or composite), j is the replica color (red, yellow, brown, or black), Ei,j is the expected number of attacks, Rj is the number of replicas recovered, Ci,j is the visual contrast value, and α is a constant of proportionality that ensures that the total number of expected attacks is equal to the total number of observed attacks.
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