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This thesis seeks to understand the structural causes of two of today’s major political challenges, namely the success of radical right populist parties in many Western countries and the opposition of certain groups to environmental policies. It tests the hypothesis, widespread in the literature, that these developments stem from growing political discontent among certain groups and in certain places. It analyses political grievances through the lens of social and spatial stratification, using data from the International Social Survey Programme, the European Social Survey and the European Values Survey.
The results show that, while workers see themselves as having a lower subjective social status than the middle and upper-middle classes, this difference has remained stable over the last decades. Similarly, spatial hierarchies within countries do contribute to shaping citizens' subjective status, but these differences do not seem to have increased in the European countries studied. Moreover, the urban-rural divide in political satisfaction is comparatively small and stable over time in many European countries. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of both social and spatial stratification in shaping citizens’ political attitudes, as in the case of support for environmental policies. However, they also challenge the hypothesis of growing resentment in working-class or peripheral communities.
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In search of discontent. Spatial and social stratification of political grievances in Europe
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European Values Study (EVS)
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International Social Survey Programme (ISSP)
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2024
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