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  • The interactions of country image, reputation, brand, and identity have become more complex in a globalized environment. Where identity was originally studied as an internal conception in some of the earliest political studies such as The Civic Culture (Almond & Verba, 1965), now one studies national identity by including such factors as a country’s reputation and brand. For this study, a country’s internal image is described as its Selbstbild; in Buhmann and Ingenhoff’s analysis, this term refers to attitudes among a nation’s citizens that include their country’s attributes and respective perceptions (Buhmann & Ingenhoff, 2015, p. 111). Another term for this concept in the present analysis is “national consciousness,” which is similarly described as “Citizens’ notions of . . . cultural attributes, such as common heritage, historical memory, and common ethnicity” (Rusciano & Ebo, 1997, p. 65). The country’s image, or perceived external image, is described here as Fremdbild; in Buhmann and Ingenhoff’s analysis, this term refers to attitudes among citizens that include the image of the country “among foreign publics” (Buhmann & Ingenhoff, 2015, p. 111). Another term for this concept in the present analysis is “international image,” which is described as “characteristics and attributes assigned to a nation in [world opinion], international forums and international media through positive and negative stereotypes” (Rusciano & Ebo, 1997, p. 65). (xsd:string)
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  • https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315271224-10. (ISSP) (xsd:string)
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  • 2018 (xsd:gyear)
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  • 2018 (xsd:gyear)
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  • 10.4324/9781315271224-10 ()
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  • World Opinion, Country Identity, and Country Images: Some Reflections (xsd:string)
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  • Bridging Disciplinary Perspectives of Country Image Reputation, Brand, and Identity: Reputation, Brand, and Identity (xsd:string)
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  • In Bridging Disciplinary Perspectives of Country Image Reputation, Brand, and Identity: Reputation, Brand, and Identity, edited by Ingenhoff, Diana and White, Candace and Buhmann, Alexander and Kiousis, Spiro, 168-191, Routledge, 2018 (xsd:string)
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