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  • Since at least the mid-twentieth century, Protestants have been part of the bedrock Republican base. In the early-1990s the American party system experienced an important long-term realignment, however, where the religious population shifted towards the Republicans, while secularists moved towards the Democrats. Is this ‘religiosity gap’, which evidence from the NES suggests has persisted in subsequent United States elections, yet another example of ‘American exceptionalism’, reflecting particular characteristics of American society, politics and history? Or does this phenomenon reflect broader developments with the heightened political salience of religion which is also evident in other societies? To examine these issues, this chapter analyzes the impact of religiosity on political ideology and voting behavior in cross-national perspective. Part I sets out Lipset and Rokkan’s classical theoretical framework for understanding processes of party-religious alignment. Part II considers cross-national survey evidence from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems and the World Values Study. The analysis compares the strength of religious participation, religious values, and types of religious faith with left-right ideological orientations and voting support for religious parties. The results of the multivariate analysis suggest that two major findings. First, religious participation is consistently associated with more rightwing ideological orientations in many post-industrial and industrial societies, not just in the United States. At the same time, support for religious parties exemplified by the Christian Democrats has gradually eroded in many post-industrial societies, a pattern consistent with broader processes of secularization evident in these nations. In this regard, the United States remains an outlier among affluent nations in the strength of religiosity and the powerful role it plays in shaping contemporary patterns of party politics and electoral behavior. (xsd:string)
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  • CSES-Bibliography (xsd:string)
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  • 2009 (xsd:gyear)
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  • 2009 (xsd:gyear)
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  • Christian conservatism in global Perspective: US Exceptionalism (again)? (xsd:string)
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  • Christian Conservatives and American Democracy (xsd:string)
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  • In Christian Conservatives and American Democracy, edited by Brint, Steven and Schroedel, Jean Reith, Russell Sage, 2009 (xsd:string)
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  • Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) (xsd:string)
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