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  • Abstract Income inequality has been contentious for millennia, a source of political conflict for centuries, and is now widely feared as a pernicious “side effect” of economic progress. But equality is only a means to an end and so must be evaluated by its consequences. The fundamental question is: What effect does a country's level of income inequality have on its citizens' quality of life, their subjective well-being? We show that in developing nations inequality is certainly not harmful but probably beneficial, increasing well-being by about 8 points out of 100. This may well be Kuznets's inverted “U”: In the earliest stages of development some are able to move out of the (poorly paying) subsistence economy into the (better paying) modern economy; their higher pay increases their well-being while simultaneously increasing inequality. In advanced nations, income inequality on average neither helps nor harms. Estimates are from random-intercept fixed-effects multi-level models, confirmed by over four dozen sensitivity tests. Data are from the pooled World Values/European Values Surveys, Waves 1 to 5 with 169 representative national samples in 68 nations, 1981 to 2009, and over 200,000 respondents, replicated and extended in the European Quality of Life Surveys. (xsd:string)
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?:comment
  • First published online: August 09, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.04.020. (EVS) (xsd:string)
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  • EVS-Bibliography (xsd:string)
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  • 2016 (xsd:gyear)
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  • 2016 (xsd:gyear)
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  • 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.04.020 ()
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  • 1 (xsd:string)
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  • 0049-089X ()
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  • Societal income inequality and individual subjective well-being: Results from 68 societies and over 200,000 individuals, 1981–2008 (xsd:string)
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  • article (xsd:string)
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  • Bibsonomy (xsd:string)
  • In Social Science Research , 62, 1-23, 2016 (xsd:string)
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  • European Values Study (EVS) (xsd:string)
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  • 2016 (xsd:string)
  • EVS (xsd:string)
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  • 23 (xsd:string)
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  • 62 (xsd:string)