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  • Exclusionism developed in the former East Germany since the influx of immigrants from the Middle East. Through the vote share of the far-right party, Alternative für Deutschland (AFD), in the recent elections, including the 2014 European election, the 2017 federal election, and the 2019 European election, we could find the effects of xenophobia. Do the historical legacies of communism bring East Germany to the current xenophobic waves? By exploring the literature and databases of Regionalatlas Deutschland and European Values Study 2017, I argue that on the Kreis level, the history of communism shaped a homogenous demographic as well as similar voting preferences among neighboring regions, which contribute to the emergence and steadiness of xenophobia in the region. On an individual level, the history of communism shaped conservative political culture and social values, stronger national identity, and weaker political trust among the citizens in the East, which contribute to their more positive views of the AFD. Although the economy in the East proved more vulnerable than that of the West, the effect of the economy is complex, as on the Kreis level, urban/rural might serve as an endogenous factor; and on the individual level, worse economics is significant only for the citizens who experienced communism. (xsd:string)
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  • https://scholarspace.library.gwu.edu/etd/nv9353473. (EVS) (xsd:string)
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  • How Do the Historical Legacies of Communism Affect Waves of Xenophobia? Evidence From the former East Germany (xsd:string)
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