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  • Background: A new institutional approach toward informal payments in healthcare views informal payments as arising when there is a misalignment between values/norms (informal institutions) and the formal rules (formal institutions) of patients. However, less knowledge is available on the effectiveness of this approach in tackling informal payments in healthcare. This study aimed to fill this gap by evaluating the trends in the effect of institutional misalignment on informal payments made by patients.Methods: A quantitative study design with data extracted from the last three waves of special Eurobarometer surveys on corruption was used to model the propensity of European patients in 27 European Union countries and the United Kingdom to make informal payments. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was employed in order to test the relationship between the formal–informal institution misalignment and the likelihood to make informal payments. Sensitivity analyses were also performed t (xsd:string)
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  • (Eurobarometer) (xsd:string)
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  • Eurobarometer-Bibliography (xsd:string)
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  • 2021 (xsd:gyear)
?:datePublished
  • 2021 (xsd:gyear)
?:doi
  • 10.3389/fpubh.2021.780337 ()
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  • 1 (xsd:string)
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  • english (xsd:string)
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?:issn
  • 2296-2565 ()
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  • 780337 (xsd:string)
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  • Trends in Informal Payments by Patients in Europe: A Public Health Policy Approach (xsd:string)
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  • article (xsd:string)
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  • Bibsonomy (xsd:string)
  • In Frontiers in Public Health, 9(780337), 1-9, 2021 (xsd:string)
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  • EB - Standard and Special Eurobarometer (xsd:string)
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  • 9 (xsd:string)
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  • 9 (xsd:string)