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  • A strong middle class is important for political stability in democracies and can be an anchor against political extremism (Dorn et al. 2020). With their consumption and labor input, middle class households make a significant contribution to economic growth and a prosperous society. With their taxes and other levies, the middle-income groups also contribute significantly to revenues and thus to the government budgets and the financing of EU welfare states. At the same time, the middle class has come under pressure in many countries in recent years (OECD 2019). In many European countries, it is therefore questionable whether and to what extent the middle class will be able to bear further fiscal and financial burdens during the current crises and to meet the state’s additional financing needs to cope with major challenges such as climate change, the energy transition, the security policy shift, or demographic change. If financial burdens become too high, they can curb incentives to work, innovative strength, and dampen economic prosperity and even jeopardize political stability in Europe. In this article we provide an overview of the middle class situation in Europe, by making a comparison of their income and tax burdens across the EU member states. (xsd:string)
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  • 2023 (xsd:gyear)
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  • 2023 (xsd:gyear)
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  • 67 (xsd:string)
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  • Income and Tax Burden of the Middle Class in Europe (xsd:string)
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  • In EconPol Forum, 24(4), 67-72, 2023 (xsd:string)
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