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  • This dissertation assesses the dynamic structure of partisan afective polarization in multi-party systems. While concerns over afective polarization are growing, the broader distinctions that afectively divide citizens and the drivers rendering them relevant are unclear. Engaging with afective polarization, the dissertation focuses on political distinctions associated with stronger dislike. I advance two arguments. First, divides between political camps structure partisan afect in multi-party democracies. Second, the divides are not static: Elites play a key role in shaping this structure, in particular the relevance of the demarcation towards the Radical Right. Both a united rhetorical front against the Radical Right and sidelining increase Radical Right afective polarization. The latter is also associated with lower Radical Right voting. This dissertation makes two main contributions. First, it advances the literature on afective polarization, showing that it follows broader political distinctions in multi-party systems. Second, it enhances our understanding of afective polarization’s drivers, demonstrating that elites can infuence whether a political divide is afectively charged. The fndings have several implications. Broader afective divides suggest that afective polarization is based on both identity and ideology and thus it extends beyond afective partisanship. The malleability of divides underlines the dynamic nature of afective polarization alongside elites’ responsibility for shaping and potential to shape these divisions. Moreover, afective divides can be a democratic protection mechanism against anti-democratic challengers. (xsd:string)
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  • Competitors or foes? The structure and dynamics of afective polarization in multi-party systems (xsd:string)
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