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?:abstract
  • Parliaments are key institutions of democracy. The documents that parliaments produce - including plenary protocols, legislative bills, and ultimately adopted laws - thus contain invaluable information for understanding how democratic governance works while advances in natural language processing offer an ever increasing potential to extract and analyse this information systematically. Yet, despite this significance of analysing parliamentary documents systematically, accessing them often involves very notable hurdles in applied projects (Sebők et al., 2025). To conduct computational text analysis effectively and to compare across different legislatures, researchers require comprehensive, consistent, and machine-readable text corpora. ParlLawSpeech (PLS) contributes to and extends recent efforts - e.g. the CLARIN project (De Jong et al., 2022), the Comparative Agendas Project (Baumgartner et al., 2019), ParlSpeech (Rauh & Schwalbach, 2020), or Parl-EE (Sylvester, et al., 2022) - to make such corpora available to the research community. Besides extending the coverage of readily available parliamentary text corpora, PLS innovates in two respects. First, it is not constrained to only one type of parliamentary document but rather provides full texts for speeches, bills, and laws. Second, it offers data linkage across these different types of parliamentary texts in a way that is typically not even offered by institutional repositories and data providers (Kiss & Sebők, 2022). These two innovations allow users to map and to combine different parliamentary outputs, thereby enabling them to address research questions spanning the full process of parliamentary decision-making from draft documents, over plenary debates, to the contents of the finally adopted rules. In sum, PLS offers machine-readable full-text vectors of parliamentary speeches, bills, and laws, as well as relevant metadata for seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, and Spain) and the supranational European Parliament (EP). keywords: text as data, legislative politics, computational social sciences, parliamentary debates, quantitative text analysis, law-making, parliamentary speech, political communication (xsd:string)
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?:category
  • Linguistics (de)
  • Linguistics (en)
  • Political Science (en)
  • Political Science (de)
  • Science of Communication (de)
  • Science of Communication (en)
  • Science of Literature (en)
  • Science of Literature (de)
?:citationString
  • Schwalbach, Jan, Hetzer, Lukas, Proksch, Sven-Oliver, Rauh, Christian, & Sebők, Miklós (2025): ParlLawSpeech. GESIS, Cologne. Data File Version 1.0.0, https://doi.org/10.7802/2824 (en)
  • Schwalbach, Jan, Hetzer, Lukas, Proksch, Sven-Oliver, Rauh, Christian, & Sebők, Miklós (2025): ParlLawSpeech. GESIS, Köln. Datenfile Version 1.0.0, https://doi.org/10.7802/2824 (de)
?:comment
  • Downloading the data packages can take a long time due to their size (approx. 200 MB - 700 MB), depending on your internet connection. Please note that no progress bar is displayed during the download.
    Each zip file contains three separate .rds files per country. One for bills, one for laws, and one for plenary speeches. More information about the data and the project can be found in the codebook and on our website: https://parllawspeech.org/

    The PLS corpora have been created under OPTED Work Package 5 (led by Sven-Oliver Proksch, Christian Rauh, and Miklós Sebők) and funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 program (Grant agreement 951832). (xsd:string)
?:conditionsOfAccess
  • Free access (without registration) (en)
  • Freier Zugang (ohne Registrierung) (de)
?:currentVersion
  • 1.0.0, https://doi.org/10.7802/2824 (xsd:string)
?:dateCreated
  • 2025 (xsd:gyear)
?:dateModified
  • 2025-01-01 (xsd:date)
?:datePublished
  • 2025 (xsd:gyear)
?:doi
  • 10.7802/2824 ()
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?:hasFulltext
  • true (xsd:boolean)
is ?:hasPart of
?:license
  • CC BY 4.0: Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de) (xsd:string)
?:linksCodebook
?:name
  • ParlLawSpeech (xsd:string)
?:principalInvestigator
  • Hetzer, Lukas (xsd:string)
  • Proksch, Sven-Oliver (xsd:string)
  • Rauh, Christian (xsd:string)
  • Schwalbach, Jan (xsd:string)
  • Sebők, Miklós (xsd:string)
?:provider
?:publicationType
  • SowiDataNet|datorium (en)
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?:selectionMethod
  • Total Universe / Complete enumeration (en)
  • Vollerhebung (de)
?:sourceInfo
  • GESIS, Cologne. Data File Version 1.0.0, https://doi.org/10.7802/2824 (en)
  • GESIS, Köln. Datenfile Version 1.0.0, https://doi.org/10.7802/2824 (de)
  • GESIS-SowiDataNet|datorium (xsd:string)
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