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George Allen says the United States has plenty of energy resources and that the president should allow more exploration and excavation of them. Allen, who is seeking the Republican nomination for the seat of retiring U.S. Sen. Jim Webb, said during a June 14 speech that America’s energy resources outpace those of any other nation. We are number one in the world when it comes to energy resources, he said. You would never know it. The Russians are second; Saudi Arabia is number three. When it comes to coal, oil and natural gas, are we really No. 1 here in the United States? Allen’s spokeswoman, Katie Wright, said the claim comes from a report by the Congressional Research Service, the non-partisan research arm of the legislative branch. The CRS study, and our own research, relied on the Energy Information Administration. The EIA, a unit of the Department of Energy, is a clearinghouse for information on energy production and consumption. The CRS report, released in 2009, converted the different types of fossil fuels into a barrels of oil equivalent. Since each fuel produces a different amount of energy when burned, the conversion allows an apples-to-apples comparison. Natural gas reserves, for example, are reported per trillion cubic feet. About 5.64 trillion cubic feet of natural gas produce the same amount of energy as one billion barrels of oil. Coal reserves are reported in tons. One billion tons of coal produces as much energy as 3.45 billion barrels of oil. We used a 2010 version of the CRS report to get the latest figures. According to the CRS, the United States has the highest amount of proven fossil fuel reserves, the equivalent of 972.6 billion barrels of oil. Russia is second at the equivalent of 954.9 billion barrels of oil, followed by China with 474.8 billion barrels. Iran and Saudi Arabia are fourth and fifth, at 328.1 billion barrels and 309.1 billion barrels, respectively. The CRS also attempts to project the quantity of undiscovered reserves in each nation. If those are included, Saudi Arabia moves into third place because of its vast oil endowment. The United States and Russia retain the first two spots. Allen’s claim was based on the combination of proven and potential reserves. Uncle Sam is the undisputed king of coal, holding more than 27 percent of the world’s reserves. The United States ranked fourth in natural gas reserves, behind Russia, Iran and Qatar. We were a distant 11th when it comes to oil reserves, behind several Middle Eastern countries, Canada, Venezuela, Russia and Nigeria. When it comes to newer technologies like biofuels or wind power, there is little uniform data on global potential for those energy sources. Before we issue a ruling, there are a few caveats worth considering. A key issue is that world reserves of fossil fuels are always evolving. New fields are discovered, estimates for existing fields are altered, and resources are extracted or burned. Essentially, experts who estimate reserves are aiming at a moving target. And as former Energy Department official Alan Hegberg pointed out, some reserves may stay untapped in the current economic climate, given the cost or difficulty of extraction. But advances in technology or changes in weather could change the equation in the future. One example, he said, is the Arctic Ocean. People think there is a ton of gas in the Arctic, he said. Arctic natural gas is now considered inaccessible, but a receding ice pack and longer summers could make those resources easier to reach. The next issue will be who owns the gas under the ice pack. Russia has tried to stake some claims, but Canada, the United States and Denmark -- which controls Greenland -- will also want a say. So where does the data leave us? Allen said the U.S. has the most plentiful energy resources in the world, followed by Russia and then Saudi Arabia. According to the Congressional Research Service, the U.S. has the largest proven reserve of fossil fuel resources, followed by Russia and China. If estimates of undiscovered oil and gas are included, the United States remains first, followed by Russia and Saudi Arabia. Data from the Energy Information Agency show that Russia has the largest volume of the three fossil fuels. But the American lead in coal, which produces very high amounts of energy when burned, means the United States narrowly edges Russia in the CRS report. Our only quibble with Allen is his decision to list Saudi Arabia third, since that ranking relies on undiscovered reserves. But that is a minor point. We rate the statement True.
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