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The long and complicated history of the word Negro in the United States took another bureaucratic twist in late 2017, when articles appeared with the shocking charge that Trump's White House was considering bringing back government use of the word. The left-wing, anti-Trump web site Truth Examiner reported: In reality, the situation is much more complicated that the article presents. In 1997, the Clinton administration approved the use of Negro in federal data gathering, but a working group established by the Obama White House and carried over into Donald Trump's administration has repeatedly proposed ending federal use of Negro as a racial category. However, Trump's Office of Management and Budget (the White House agency responsible for setting these federal standards on data gathering) appears to have stalled a final decision on whether and when to implement these changes, which would effectively bar the use of the word by federal agencies. Negro has lost favor as a racial category. It was widely used from the 19th century until the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s, when many in the black community began to reject the term as an offensive throwback to the Jim Crow era of segregation and oppression. In the last half century, black and African American have almost entirely supplanted negro in popular usage, and as the term increasingly came to be seen as outdated and even offensive, it has gradually been eliminated from use by government entities. In 2013, for example, the Census Bureau ruled that negro would no longer be a category on census forms; the United States Army followed suit in 2014. In 2016, President Barack Obama signed a bill that amended two specific existing laws by replacing their use of the word (along with other archaic racial and ethnic categories) with African-American. More broadly, though, federal agencies are still technically permitted to use Negro as a racial category in forms and documents due to a 1997 decision by the Clinton White House's OMB, which set what are known as the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity: The ruling was based on recommendations by a special working committee established by the OMB, which had earlier reported that using the category Black or African American in federal data gathering would cover most individuals in that community, but that Negro should be allowed to persist as an optional additional category because the term, in their words, may be favored by older Blacks. The report also concluded: 'Colored' may be favored by some Blacks in the South. Although federal agencies are technically allowed to use the word as a racial category in data gathering, we could find no evidence that any of them do so. The Obama administration set up a new committee in 2014 to revisit these standards on racial and ethnic categories in federal data gathering. In September 2016, the committee recommended removing Negro from the standards (along with Far East), meaning the term would no longer be permitted as a racial category in any federal data gathering. The proposals went out for public consultation, and in March 2017, following the transition to the Trump administration, the committee once again proposed removing Negro from the standards. The source of the claim that the Trump administration is considering the proposals is the fact that the OMB has not yet announced its final decision on them. NPR reported that the decision was not announced when it was expected on 1 December 2017, and the OMB's own March 2017 publication had expected it sooner than that, in order to give time for any revisions that might be necessary ahead of the 2020 Census. We asked the OMB to clarify the expected date of their final decision and asked for an explanation of any delay there might have been, but have not yet received a response. The apparent delay in issuing a final decision on the OMB committee's recommendations does not necessarily mean that the Trump administration is considering not implementing them. There are sometimes delays in final decisions on federal policy proposals and recommendations for innocuous logistical reasons. Sally Katzen, who was centrally involved in the Clinton-era changes to racial and ethnic categories as head of the OMB's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs in 1997, told NPR: The objective in each instance is to arrive at the right decision, not at any old decision. In this matter, there is no evidence that the apparent delay is caused by opposition to ending the use of these racial categories. Whatever the Trump administration might be considering, it is not considering bringing back the use of the word as a racial category in federal data gathering, as it is technically already allowed under the Clinton administration's 1997 decision. What does remain to be seen is whether Trump's Office of Management and Budget will adopt the proposals of a working group first established by the Obama administration and finally put an end to the use of Negro as a racial category on federal forms.
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