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Are the tariffs imposed by President Donald Trump on China hurting American consumers? His team says no. Peter Navarro, director of the White House’s Office of Trade and Manufacturing Policy, told CNN’s Jake Tapper that was not the case. Tapper asked about a study that found U.S. importers are shouldering about 95% of the price change from the tariffs, China only about 5%. After Navarro pushed back, there was this exchange : Tariffs aren't hurting anybody in the United States? asked Tapper. Navarro responded, They're not hurting anybody here. The White House didn’t respond to our requests for information to support Navarro’s statement. But evidence to the contrary is overwhelming. Explaining the impact Importers can respond to tariffs in four ways, Howard Gleckman , a senior fellow at the Urban Institute-Brookings Institution Tax Policy Center, told us. Two of the ways are paying their suppliers less and buying from producers in countries not subject to the tariffs; those moves would shield Americans. But the other two ways — raising prices or absorbing the tariffs and cutting into their bottom line — do make an impact. It’s worth noting that, in the back-and-forth of the trade war, China has done a series of its own tariff reductions . That helps U.S. exporters. But despite claims by Trump that China has been slashing prices, Brookings economist Gary Burtless and Boise State University political scientist Ross Burkhart said they see no evidence of price slashing as a result of the U.S. tariffs — at least on any scale as large as the impact of the tariffs. By the numbers Evidence of how tariffs have hurt Americans has been accumulating for months. Pepsi, Coca-Cola, Costco and the recreational vehicle-maker Winnebago are among retailers that said they raised prices as a result of the tariffs. The trade war reduced U.S. real income by $1.4 billion per month by the end of 2018, according to economists at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Princeton University and Columbia University. The price of washing machines sold in the United States rose nearly 12% because of the 2018 tariffs, according to University of Chicago researchers. (The price of dryers rose by a similar amount, even though they weren’t subject to the tariffs.) Meanwhile, retaliatory tariffs imposed by China have particularly hurt U.S. farmers . U.S. agricultural exports to China dropped to $9.1 billion in 2018, down from $19.5 billion the previous year, according to the American Farm Bureau, an agricultural lobbying group. That figure has continued to drop, with exports to China in the first half of 2019 sinking to $1.3 billion. Trump has responded by boosting subsidies to farmers. Trump’s plan to impose more tariffs on China in September 2019 will reduce consumer purchases, raise prices and limit hiring, according to four national retail groups. Broad impact Studies have also consistently documented the general impact on Americans. About 79% of manufacturers and 60% of service firms said tariffs had increased their input costs at least slightly, a considerably more widespread effect than in its survey a year earlier. That’s according to a Federal Reserve Bank of New York August 2019 survey of business leaders in New York and parts of Connecticut and New Jersey. The impact of tariffs on imports of steel and Chinese goods that were imposed in 2018 was largely on the United States, not China, according to the study Tapper alluded to. It was done by researchers from Harvard University, the University of Chicago and the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. A variety of companies have reported harm from the U.S. and retaliatory tariffs, including Walmart, Caterpillar and Tyson Foods, the nonpartisan Congressional Research Service found . Our ruling Navarro said U.S. tariffs on China are not hurting anybody in the United States. Numerous businesses, ranging from Coca-Cola, to Walmart to Costco to washing machine makers, raised prices because of the tariffs. And study after study has confirmed that the tariffs primarily hit Americans, not China. It’s simply ridiculous to make a flat claim that the tariffs aren’t hurting anyone in the United States. We rate this statement Pants on Fire.
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